PDF: Oral dysbiosis and chronic disease

Oral dysbiosis is the primary cause of poor oral health. It is an imbalance in the mix of bacteria in the oral biofilm (the dental plaque) which leads to the onset, advance or recurrence of oral diseases.

Oral dysbiosis commonly appears as sore, inflamed or bleeding gums, and/or cavities, replacement crowns or extractions. During dysbiosis, certain “keystone” bacteria which are pathogenic and/or inflammatory, dominate the plaque.

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For caries, the keystone bacteria are Streptococcus mutans and Scardovia wiggsiae. For periodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola are primarily involved.

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Oral dysbiosis results from a combination of factors: poor oral hygiene, chronic diseases, advancing age and the Social Determinants of Health (e.g. poor diet, low or fixed incomes, irregular employment).

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